hikaricp

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// 数据库连接池配置
HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
config.setMinimumIdle(1);
config.setMaximumPoolSize(2);
config.setConnectionTestQuery("SELECT 1");
config.setDataSourceClassName("org.h2.jdbcx.JdbcDataSource");
config.addDataSourceProperty("url", "jdbc:h2:mem:test");
// 创建数据源
DataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
  // 获取数据库连接
  conn = ds.getConnection();
  // 创建 Statement 
  stmt = conn.createStatement();
  // 执行 SQL
  rs = stmt.executeQuery("select * from abc");
  // 获取结果
  while (rs.next()) {
    int id = rs.getInt(1);
    ......
  }
} catch(Exception e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
  // 关闭 ResultSet
  close(rs);
  // 关闭 Statement 
  close(stmt);
  // 关闭 Connection
  close(conn);
}
// 关闭资源
void close(AutoCloseable rs) {
  if (rs != null) {
    try {
      rs.close();
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}

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// 用于存储所有的数据库连接
CopyOnWriteArrayList<T> sharedList;
// 线程本地存储中的数据库连接
ThreadLocal<List<Object>> threadList;
// 等待数据库连接的线程数
AtomicInteger waiters;
// 分配数据库连接的工具
SynchronousQueue<T> handoffQueue;

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// 将空闲连接添加到队列
void add(final T bagEntry){
  // 加入共享队列
  sharedList.add(bagEntry);
  // 如果有等待连接的线程，
  // 则通过 handoffQueue 直接分配给等待的线程
  while (waiters.get() > 0 
    && bagEntry.getState() == STATE_NOT_IN_USE 
    && !handoffQueue.offer(bagEntry)) {
      yield();
  }
}

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T borrow(long timeout, final TimeUnit timeUnit){
  // 先查看线程本地存储是否有空闲连接
  final List<Object> list = threadList.get();
  for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    final Object entry = list.remove(i);
    final T bagEntry = weakThreadLocals 
      ? ((WeakReference<T>) entry).get() 
      : (T) entry;
    // 线程本地存储中的连接也可以被窃取，
    // 所以需要用 CAS 方法防止重复分配
    if (bagEntry != null 
      && bagEntry.compareAndSet(STATE_NOT_IN_USE, STATE_IN_USE)) {
      return bagEntry;
    }
  }
 
  // 线程本地存储中无空闲连接，则从共享队列中获取
  final int waiting = waiters.incrementAndGet();
  try {
    for (T bagEntry : sharedList) {
      // 如果共享队列中有空闲连接，则返回
      if (bagEntry.compareAndSet(STATE_NOT_IN_USE, STATE_IN_USE)) {
        return bagEntry;
      }
    }
    // 共享队列中没有连接，则需要等待
    timeout = timeUnit.toNanos(timeout);
    do {
      final long start = currentTime();
      final T bagEntry = handoffQueue.poll(timeout, NANOSECONDS);
      if (bagEntry == null 
        || bagEntry.compareAndSet(STATE_NOT_IN_USE, STATE_IN_USE)) {
          return bagEntry;
      }
      // 重新计算等待时间
      timeout -= elapsedNanos(start);
    } while (timeout > 10_000);
    // 超时没有获取到连接，返回 null
    return null;
  } finally {
    waiters.decrementAndGet();
  }
}

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// 释放连接
void requite(final T bagEntry){
  // 更新连接状态
  bagEntry.setState(STATE_NOT_IN_USE);
  // 如果有等待的线程，则直接分配给线程，无需进入任何队列
  for (int i = 0; waiters.get() > 0; i++) {
    if (bagEntry.getState() != STATE_NOT_IN_USE 
      || handoffQueue.offer(bagEntry)) {
        return;
    } else if ((i & 0xff) == 0xff) {
      parkNanos(MICROSECONDS.toNanos(10));
    } else {
      yield();
    }
  }
  // 如果没有等待的线程，则进入线程本地存储
  final List<Object> threadLocalList = threadList.get();
  if (threadLocalList.size() < 50) {
    threadLocalList.add(weakThreadLocals 
      ? new WeakReference<>(bagEntry) 
      : bagEntry);
  }
}